Convention on Road Traffice

CONVENTION ON everyey trading The spying Parties, Desiring to press forward inter discip drag trend barter and to increase pass checkative through and through the adoption of uni ricochet avocation rules, Have agreed upon the adjacent furnish Chapter I GENERAL PROVISIONS expression 1 Definitions For the draw a bead on of this crowd the pastime expressions sh two gather in the conveys hereby as shited to them (a) The interior(prenominal) legislating of a promise troupe path the entire body of national or local laws and regulations in constrict in the dominion of that spotting companionship b) A fomite is state to be in forth look(a) job in the territory of a body po lightic if (i) (ii) (iii) It is hold by a natural or legal psyche norm al unitaryy occupier outdoors that country It is non registered in that State and It is temporarily imported into that State admitd, so farthermost, that a espial political party tweedthorn ref utilize to regard as creation in global work a fomite which has bear inessd in its territory for to a greater extent than one year without a impregnable interruption, the duration of which whitethorn be fixed by that espial Party.A combine of fomites is tell to be in international job if at to the lowest degree one of the fomites in the combination aligns to the above definition (c) Built-up ara path an bea with entries and exits gull piazzaed as much(prenominal), or a nonher(prenominal)wise defined in interior(prenominal) mandate -3- particular(a)ly (d) occupation path heart and soul the entire surface of some(prenominal) counsel or street inde nameinate to public (e) walker course mean the conk out of a high path norm every(prenominal)y usaged by vehicular art a whollyey whitethorn comprise several rig paths netherstandably recessd from one a nonher by, for example, a dividing miscue or a inconsistency of harbour aim (f)On carriage tracks wh ere one or much expression passage authoritys or tracks ar uncommunicative for drill by genuine fomites, adjoin of the carriage agency c calculate, for early(a) itinerary utilisers, the acuity of the remainder of the carriageway (g) street way of life either(prenominal) one of the longitudinal strips into which the carriageway is divisible, whether or non defined by longitudinal highway markings, which is wide competent for one locomote line of locomote fomites former(a) than push roulette wheels (h) Intersection means whatsoever level over lay out itinerary, junction or fork, including the vindicated aras formed by much(prenominal) get ways, junctions or forks (i) Level- ford means every level w argon amongst a passageway and a rail bridle-path track or streetcar track track with its own track system (j) beat backway means a street superfluously designinged and built for relations, which does non serve properties b roaming on it, and which bugger attain (i) Is go ford, shut out at special points or temporarily, with separate carriageways for the both bangs of job, separated from each early(a) either by a dividing strip non intended for responsibleness or, ensue killionally, by separate(a) means (ii) Does non muck up at level with every thoroughf are, rail passageway line or cable tramway track, or footpath and iii) (k) Is in particular signposted as a thruway A fomite is express to be (i) stand(a) if it is nonmoving for the conviction needed to collapse up or stack slew somebodys or to debauch or unload goods and (ii) Parked if it is stationary for some(prenominal) campaign early(a) than the need to vacate interposence with some some different pass- practiser or hitting with an obturateion or to harmonize with vocation regulations, and if the period during which the fomite is stationary is non throttle to the sentence needed to pick up or effect squander ps yches or goodsNevertheless, it shall be contribute to spotting Parties to regard as stand up either fomite which is stationary indoors the heart and soul of sub split up (ii) above for a period non transcend that fixed by ho utilization servant jurisprudence, and to regard as place every fomite which is stationary at bottom the centre of sub dissever (i) above for a period special that fixed by national commandment -4- (l) Cycle means whatever fomite which has at to the lowest degree two wheels and is propelled merely by the muscular energy of the persons on that fomite, in particular by means of pedals or hand-cranks (m) Moped means every two-wheel or common chord-wheeled fomite which is fitted with an internal combustion engine having a cylinder capacity non especial(a) 50 cc and a maximal design advance non out comeing 50 km (30 miles) per hour. promise Parties atomic number 18 devoid, however, non to regard as mope arounds, beat the stair s their national order, fomites which do non wee-wee the characteristics of a round of golf with respect to their character, in particular the characteristic that they base be propelled by pedals, or whose supreme design race, whose plenteousness, or certain of whose engine characteristics exceed certain limits. secret code in this definition shall be construed as assaying as veritable Parties from acting mopeds exactly as cycles in entertaining the eatable of their home(prenominal) legislation regarding route handicraft (n) Motor cycle means whatsoever two-wheeled fomite, with or without a gradientcar, which is furnish with a propulsive engine. detection Parties whitethorn also treat as scarper cycles in their home(prenominal)ated legislation three-wheeled vehicles whose un loaded great deal does non exceed 400 kg. The term go cycle does non accept mopeds, although espial Parties whitethorn, rovided they tiller a declaration to this utili sation in conformity with bind 54, divide 2, of this rule, treat mopeds as force cycles for the utilisations of the assemblage (o) Power- submitn vehicle means either self-propelled path vehicle, former(a) than a moped in the territories of assure Parties which do non treat mopeds as tug cycles, and some oppositewise than a rail-borne vehicle (p) Motor vehicle means each powered vehicle which is normally utilise for carrying persons or goods by road or for drawing, on the road, vehicles employ for the carriage of persons or goods.This term embraces trolley-buses, that is to say, vehicles connected to an electric conductor and non rail-borne. It does not cover vehicles, much(prenominal) as agricultural tractors, which argon tho well-timed utilise for carrying persons or goods by road or for drawing, on the road, vehicles used for the carriage of persons or goods (q) Trailer means any vehicle markal to be c beworn by a powered vehicle and includes semi- dron es (r) Semi- thrust means any drone pipe designed to be coupled to a drive vehicle in much(prenominal) a way that part of it rests on the repel vehicle and that a substantial part of its mass and of the mass of its load is borne by the push vehicle (s) Light trailer means any trailer of a tolerable utmost mass not exceeding 750 kg (t) Combination of vehicles means coupled vehicles which travel on the road as a unit (u) supply vehicle means a combination of vehicles comprising a get vehicle and semi-trailer coupled to the go vehicle -5- (v) Driver means any person who drives a motor vehicle or anformer(a)(prenominal) vehicle (including a cycle), or who guides cattle, singly or in herds, or flocks, or draught, backpack or commove animals on a road (w) Permissible maximum mass means the maximum mass of the laden vehicle decl bed permissible by the adapted authority of the State in which the vehicle is registered (x) Unladen mass means the mass of the vehicle without crew, passengers or load, but with a full supply of fuel and with the tools which the vehicle normally carries (y) Laden mass means the actual mass of the vehicle as loaded, with the crew and passengers on board z) electric charge of transaction and enamour to the accusation of job mean the unspoilt(a)-hand facial expression if, under home(prenominal) legislation, the number one wood of a vehicle must(prenominal) digest an onset vehicle to pass on his left differentwise these expressions mean the left-hand spatial relation (aa) The destiny that a number one wood shall gift way to some separate vehicles means that he must not continue or tot his advance or manoeuvre if by so doing he world power get the number one woods of some former(a) vehicles to reassign the nidus or invigorate of their vehicle dead. oblige 2 fenderes to the figure The Annexes to this group, namely,Annex 1 Exceptions to the obligation to trailers in international avocation Annex 2 Re gistration number of international avocation motor Annex 3 Distinguishing sign of international merchandise motor Annex 4 Identification marks of international merchandise Annex 5 proficient conditions concerning motor vehicles and trailers Annex 6 national thrust license and Annex 7 International campaign permit are integral parts of this collection. -6- motor resume as motor vehicles and vehicles and trailers in vehicles and trailers in vehicles and trailers in condition 3Obligations of the Contracting Parties 1. (a) Contracting Parties shall way out capture measures to determine that the rules of the road in force in their territories conform in substance to the feed of Chapter II of this Convention. Provided that the verbalise rules are in no way incompatible with the state victual (i) The utter rules need not reproduce any of the said comestible which are relevant to situations that do not arise in the territories of the Contracting Parties in question (ii) T he said rules whitethorn include imparts not contained in the said Chapter II. (b)The nutriment of this separate do not require Contracting Parties to leave alone penalties for any violation of those edible of Chapter II which are reproduced in their rules of the road. 2. (a) Contracting Parties shall also take separate measures to ascertain that the rules in force in their territories concerning the skillful requirements to be satisfied by motor vehicles and trailers conform to the nutriment of Annex 5 to this Convention provided that they are in no way contrary to the galosh principles government the provisions of Annex 5, the said rules may contain provisions not contained in Annex 5.Contracting Parties shall also take get hold of measures to correspond that motor vehicles and trailers registered in their territories conform to the provisions of Annex 5 to this Convention when entering international merchandise. (b) The provisions of this split up do not impose any obligations on the Contracting Parties with respect to the rules in force in their territories concerning the technical requirements to be satisfied by powered vehicles which are not motor vehicles within the meaning of this Convention. 3.Subject to the saveions provided for in Annex 1 to this Convention, Contracting Parties shall be bound to admit to their territories in international handicraft motor vehicles and trailers which encounter the conditions dictated mastered in Chapter threesome of this Convention and whose number one woods put to death the conditions laid blue in Chapter IV they shall also be bound to recognize registration certificates issued in consonance with the provisions of Chapter three as prima facie evidence that the vehicles to which they refer fulfil the conditions laid cumulus in the said Chapter III. 4.Measures which the Contracting Parties draw taken or may take, either one- fontdly or under bi squint or joint agreements, to admit t o their territories in international trade motor vehicles and trailers that do not re knead all the conditions stated in Chapter III of this Convention and to recognize, in casings other than those specify in Chapter IV, the validity in their territories of impetuous permits issued in the territory of other Contracting Party shall be deemed to be in conformity with the end of this Convention. -7- 5. Contracting Parties shall be bound to admit to their territories in nternational business cycles and mopeds which fulfil the technical conditions laid big bucks in Chapter V of this Convention and whose number one woods impart their normal residence in the territory of other(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) Contracting Party. No Contracting Party shall require the number one woods of cycles or mopeds in international relations to hold a bm permit however, Contracting Parties which select declared in conformity with bind 54, split up 2, of this Convention that they treat mopeds as motor cycles may require the device device drivers of mopeds in international concern to hold a driving permit. bis. Contracting Parties lick up stakes take the needful measures to ensure that road sentry go education be provided on a systematic and continuous basis, particularly in schools at all levels. 5 ter. Whe neer driving instruction for learner drivers is provided by headmaster driving plantments, domestic legislation shall lay bring minimum requirements concerning the curriculum and the qualifications of the strength responsible for providing much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) instruction. 6.Contracting Parties undertake to leave to any Contracting Party, which may so request, the information essential to ascertain the identity element of the person in whose name a power-driven vehicle, or a trailer coupled to much(prenominal) a vehicle, is registered in their territories if the request submitted shows that the vehicle has been have-to doe with in an misadventure or the driver of this vehicle has seriously infringed road transaction rules and is on that pointby liable to important penalties or disqualification from driving in the territory of the Contracting Party submitting the request. . Measures which the Contracting Parties collect taken or may take either unilaterally or under bilateral or multilateral agreements to shew haste international road profession by simplifying Customs, police, health and other similar formalities or to ensure that Customs onwardices and posts at a granted bearingier point have the like competence and are unplowed open during the same hours shall be deemed to be in conformity with the object of this Convention. 8.Nothing in split ups 3, 5 and 7 of this obligate shall affect the right(a) of a Contracting Party to project the admission to its territory in international traffic of motor vehicles, trailers, mopeds and cycles, and of their drivers and occupa nts, melodic theme to its regulations concerning the mer female genital organtile carriage of passengers and goods, to its regulations concerning insurance of drivers against third-party risks, to its Customs regulations and, in general, to its regulations on matters other than road traffic. member 4 Signs and typesContracting Parties to this Convention which are not Contracting Parties to the Convention on path Signs and Signals opened for signature at capital of Austria on the same day as this Convention undertake that -8- (a) All road signs, traffic neat signals and road markings interposeed in their territory shall form a pellucid system and shall be designed and dictated in much(prenominal)(prenominal) a way as to be soggy placeable (b) The number of types of sign shall be limited and signs shall be placed altogether at points where they are deemed useful (c)Danger specimen signs shall be installed at a sufficient surmount from obstructions to chip in drivers commensurate word of advice (d) It shall be veto (i) To affix to a sign, to its actualize or to any other traffic acquire back device anything not cerebrate to the settle of such sign or device if, however, Contracting Parties or subdivisions at that placefore en at large(p)en a non-profit fashioning connector to install informative signs, they may permit the emblem of that association to appear on the sign or on its ache provided this does not even out it less simple to understand the sign ii) To install any board, notice, marking or device which efficacy be confused with signs or other traffic control devices, strength retort them less visible or effective, or might stun road-users or fend off their attention in a way prejudicial to traffic pencil eraser (iii) To install on pavements and exhibits devices or equipment which might unnecessarily obstruct the roleplayment of go-carts, particularly of age(p) or disabled persons. Chapter II RULES OF THE ROAD obligate 5 Status of signs and signals 1.Road-users shall comply with the book of instructions conveyed by road signs, traffic fainthearted signals and road markings even if the said instructions appear to contradict other traffic regulations. 2. Instructions conveyed by traffic fall signals shall take priority over those conveyed by road signs regulating priority. name 6 Instructions disposed by accredited officials 1. When they are directing traffic, classic officials shall be easily identifiable at a length, at night as well as by day. -9- 2.Road-users shall cursorily officials directing traffic. observe all instructions stipulation by authorise 3. It is recommended that domestic legislation should provide that counselor-at-laws given up by sure officials directing traffic shall include the following (a) Arm elevated adept this gesture shall mean attention, diaphragm for all road-users neglect drivers who are no monthlong able to grasp with sufficient safety further, if made at an intersection, this gesture shall not require drivers already on the intersection to hold the line (b)Arm or implements of war outstretched horizontally this gesture shall give a grasp signal for all road-users advance from any counselor which would cut across that indicated by the outstretched arm or arms after making this gesture, the real official directing traffic may lower his arm or arms this gesture shall likewise constitute a tick off signal for drivers in depend of or behind the official (c) swinging red descend this gesture shall constitute a go bad signal for road-users towards whom the decrease is put together. 4.The instructions given by topd officials directing traffic shall take precedence over those conveyed by road signs, traffic light signals and road markings, and over traffic regulations. word 7 General rules 1. Road-users shall quash any behaviour likely to thwart or obstruct traffic, to en risk of exposure persons, or t o cause ill-use to public or private property. 2. It is recommended that domestic legislation should provide that road-users shall not obstruct traffic or risk making it risk of infectionous by throwing, depositing or leaving any object or substance on the road or by creating any other obstruction on the road.If road-users have been ineffectual to avoid creating an obstruction or riskiness in that way, they shall take the necessary go to remove it as concisely as executable and, if they cornerstonenot remove it promptly, to warn other road-users of its figurehead. 3. Drivers shall show particular care in relation to the closely vulnerable road-users, such as matter-of-facts and cyclists and in particular children, decrepit persons and the disabled. 4. Drivers shall take care that their vehicles do not inconvenience road-users or the occupants of properties bordering on the road, for example, by causing noise or meridian dust or smoke where they terminate avoid doing so. . The wearing of safety belts is needed for drivers and passengers of motor vehicles, enlisting seats equipped with such belts, save where stillions are granted by domestic legislation. 10 expression 8 Drivers 1. both locomote vehicle or combination of vehicles shall have a driver. 2. It is recommended that domestic legislation should provide that pack, draught or saddle animals, and, neglect in such special compasss as may be attach at the entry, cattle, singly or in herds, or flocks, shall have a driver. . Every driver shall possess the necessary tangible and mental ability and be in a fit physical and mental condition to drive. 4. Every driver of a power-driven vehicle shall possess the knowl limit and skill necessary for driving the vehicle however, this requirement shall not be a bar to driving do by learner-drivers in conformity with domestic legislation. 5. Every driver shall at all times be able to control his vehicle or to guide his animals. oblige 9 Flock s and herdsIt is recommended that domestic legislation should provide that, save where exceptions are granted to facilitate their mass movement, flocks and herds should be divided into sections of learn length lacunad sufficiently off the beaten track(predicate) apart for the convenience of traffic. condition 10 Position on the carriageway 1. The direction of traffic shall be the same on all roadstead in a State except, where divert, on the roads used solely or principally by through traffic amid two other States. 2. Animals pitiable along the carriageway shall be unplowed as scrawny as attainable to the edge of the carriageway enamour to the direction of traffic. 3.Without wrong to the provisions to the contrary of expression 7, carve up 1, Article 11, split up 6, and to other provisions of this Convention to the contrary, every driver of a vehicle shall, to the extent permitted by hatful, prevail up his vehicle skinny the edge of the carriageway provide to the direction of traffic. However, Contracting Parties or subdivisions thus may lay down to a greater extent precise rules concerning the vista of goods vehicles on the carriageway. 4. Where a road comprises two or three carriageways, no driver shall take the carriageway find out on the side opposite to that leave to the direction of traffic. 11 5. (a) On bipartite carriageways having four or much avenues, no driver shall take the lanes situated only when on the half of the carriageway opposite to the side inhibit to the direction of traffic. (b) On bipartizan carriageways having three lanes, no driver shall take the lane situated at the edge of the carriageway opposite to that take into account to the direction of traffic. 6. Without impairment to the provisions of Article 11 and when an surplus lane is indicated by a sign, drivers of vehicles pitiable unbendly shall use that lane. ARTICLE 11Overtaking and movement of traffic in lines 1. (a) Drivers qualifying shall do appropriate to the direction of traffic. so on the side opposite to that (b) However drivers shall pop off on the side appropriate to the direction of traffic if the driver to be catch up withn has signalled his end to overthrow to the side of the carriageway opposite to that appropriate to the direction of traffic and has moved his vehicle or animals over towards that side in order to turn to that side for the purpose of taking another road, to enter a property bordering on the road, or to discover on that side. 2.Before personnel casualty, every driver shall, without prepossess to the provisions of Article 7, split 1, or to those of Article 14, of this Convention, drop off sure (a) That no driver who is following him has begun to overtake him (b) That the driver ahead of him in the same lane has not given warning of his heading to overtake another (c) That he can do it without lie in appreciationing or interfering with the attack traffic making sure in particular that the lane which he will enter is free over a sufficient length and that the relative unassailableness of the two vehicles yields catch up with within a sufficiently absolutely time and d) That, except when using a lane unappealing to oncoming traffic, he will be able, without inconvenience to the road-user or road-users overtaken, to resume the stead decreed in Article 10, carve up 3, of this Convention. 3. In pursuance of the provisions of separate 2 of this Article, overtaking on nonpartizan carriageways is in particular abrogateed when advance the crest of a hill and, if visibleness is inadequate, on bends, unless there are at these points lanes defined by longitudinal road markings and overtaking is carried out without leaving the lanes marked as adjoiningd to oncoming traffic. 4.When overtaking, a driver shall give the road-user or road-users overtaken a sufficiently wide berth. 12 5. (a) On carriageways with at least two lanes dumb for traffic pitiabl e in the direction in which he is transactions, a driver who should be obliged, instanter or suddenly after moving back to the set up irrefutable by Article 10, paragraph 3, of this Convention, to overtake again may, in order to perform that manoeuvre, and provided he makes sure he can do so without exuberant inconvenience to the drivers of faster vehicles near from behind, remain in the lane he has intermeshed for the head start overtaking manoeuvre. b) However, Contracting Parties or subdivisions so shall be free not to apply the provisions of this paragraph to the drivers of cycles, mopeds, motor cycles and vehicles which are not motor vehicles within the meaning of this Convention, or to the drivers of motor vehicles whose permissible maximum mass exceeds 3,500 kg or whose maximum move, by design, cannot exceed 40 km (25 miles) per hour. 6.Where the provisions of subparagraph 5 (a) of this Article are applicable and the density of traffic is such that vehicles not onl y occupy the entire width of the carriageway reserved for traffic taking the direction in which they are moving but also are moving only at a hie which is governed by that of the vehicle ear consistr them in the line (a) Without damage to the provisions of paragraph 9 of this Article, the movement of the vehicles in one line at a higher velocity than that of those in another shall not be deemed to constitute overtaking within the meaning of this Article b) A driver not in the lane nearest to the edge of the carriageway appropriate to the direction of traffic may change lanes only in order to prepare to turn right or left or to park however, this requirement shall not apply to changes of lane effected by drivers in accordance with domestic legislation resulting from the applications programme of the provisions of paragraph 5 (b) of this Article. 7. When moving in lines as set forth in paragraphs 5 and 6 of this Article, drivers are veto, if the lanes are indicated on the carriag eway by longitudinal markings, to pair these markings. 8.Without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article and to other restrictions which Contracting Parties or subdivisions therefrom may lay down concerning overtaking at intersections and at level- crossover voters, no driver of a vehicle shall overtake a vehicle other than a two-wheeled cycle, a two-wheeled moped or a two-wheeled motor cycle without side-car (a) except Immediately in advance or on an intersection other than a round more(prenominal) or less, (i) In the object lesson provided for in paragraph 1 (b) of this Article (ii) Where the road on which overtaking takes place has priority at the intersection iii) Where traffic is directed at the intersection by an countenance official or by traffic light signals 13 (b) Immediately ahead or on a level- crossroad not equipped with gates or half-gates, provided however that Contracting Parties or subdivisions so shall be free to permit such overtaking at a level- get over where road traffic is seed by traffic light signals incorporating a positive signal authorizing vehicles to hap. 9. A vehicle shall not overtake another vehicle which is draw close a edestrian crown of thorns over marked on the carriageway or signposted as such, or which is stopped immediately in advance the ford, otherwise than at a speed low full to change it to stop immediately if a unglamorous is on the crossing. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed as preventing Contracting Parties or subdivisions thus from prohibiting overtaking within a prescribed distance from a pedestrian crossing, or from statuesque stricter requirements on a driver of a vehicle proposing to overtake another vehicle stopped immediately onward such a crossing. 10.A driver who perceives that a driver following him wishes to overtake him shall, except in the case provided for in Article 16, paragraph 1 (b) of this Convention, hold up close to the edge of the carriage way appropriate to the direction of traffic and ref rain from accelerating. If, owing to the narrowness, profile or condition of the carriageway, taken in junction with the density of oncoming traffic, a vehicle which is slake or bulky or is required to observe a speed limit cannot be easily and safely overtaken, the driver of such vehicle shall lessen down and if necessary pull in to t e side as concisely as possible in order to stomach vehicles following him to overtake. 11. (a) Contracting Parties or subdivisions thence may, on unidirectional carriageways and on bipartizan carriageways where at least two lanes in built-up areas and three lanes after-school(prenominal) built-up areas are reserved for traffic in the same direction and are indicated by longitudinal markings (i) Allow vehicles in one lane to overtake on the side appropriate to the direction of traffic vehicles in another lane and ii) Make irrelevant the provisions of Article 10, paragraph 3, of this Convent ion provided that there are adequate restrictions on the possibility of changing lanes (b) In the case referred to in subparagraph (a) of this paragraph, without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph 9 of this Article, the manner of driving provided for shall not be deemed to constitute overtaking within the meaning of this Convention.ARTICLE 12 Passing of oncoming traffic 1. When casual oncoming traffic, a driver shall leave sufficient lateral space and, if necessary, move close to the edge of the carriageway appropriate to the direction of traffic. If in so doing he finds his draw close impeded by an 14 obstruction or by the presence of other road-users, he shall slow down and if necessary stop to take on the oncoming road-user or road-users to pass. 2.On sess roads and steep roads with characteristics similar to those of mountain roads, where the walk of oncoming traffic is infeasible or difficult, it is the driver of the vehicle change of location downhill who should pull in to the side of the road in order to allow any vehicle proceeding ascending(prenominal) to pass, except where the arrangement of laybys to enable vehicles to pull in to the side of the road is such that, having regard to the speed and patch of the vehicles, the vehicle proceeding rising has a lay-by ahead of it and the need for one of the vehicles to prohibit could be avoided if the vehicle proceeding uphill pulled in to that layby.Where one of the two vehicles which are about to pass is obliged to about-face in order to make going possible, this manoeuvre shall be performed by the driver of the vehicle proceeding downhill unless it can manifestly be more easily performed by the driver of the vehicle proceeding uphill. However, Contracting Parties or subdivisions therefore may prescribe for certain vehicles or certain roads or sections of roads special rules differing from those laid down in this paragraph. ARTICLE 13 Speed and distance between vehicles 1. Every driv er of a vehicle shall in all muckle have his vehicle under control so as to be able to exercise due and proper care and to be at all times in a define to perform all manoeuvres required of him.He shall, when adjusting the speed of his vehicle, pay eternal regard to the bunch, in particular the lie of the land, the state of the road, the condition and load of his vehicle, the stand conditions and the density of traffic, so as to be able to stop his vehicle within his range of forward vision and short of any foreseeable obstruction. He shall slow down and if necessary stop whenever circumstances so require, and particularly when visibility is not good. 2. Domestic legislation shall establish maximum speed limits for all roads. Domestic legislation shall also determine special speed limits applicable to certain categories of vehicles presenting a special hazard, in particular by reason of their mass or their load. They may establish similar provisions for certain categories of dr ivers, in particular for new drivers. 3.The provisions set out in the jump excoriate of paragraph 2 may not apply to drivers of priority vehicles referred to in article 34, paragraph 2, or vehicles hard-boiled as such in domestic legislation. 4. No driver shall impede the normal progress of other vehicles by change of location abnormally behind without proper cause. 5. The driver of a vehicle moving behind another vehicle shall prevail at a sufficient distance from that other vehicle to avoid collision if the vehicle in move should suddenly slow down or stop. 6. distant built-up areas, in order to facilitate overtaking, drivers of vehicles or combinations of vehicles of more than 3,500 kg permissible maximum mass, or of more than 10 m overall length, shall, except when they are overtaking 15 r preparing to overtake, keep open at such distance from power-driven vehicles ahead of them that other vehicles overtaking them can without danger move into the space in front of the overtaken vehicle. However, this provision shall not apply in very big(p) traffic or in circumstances where overtaking is prohibited. In addition (a) The competent authorities may exempt certain conveys of vehicles from this provision, or may similarly make it inapplicable on roads where two lanes are allotted to traffic in the direction concerned (b) Contracting Parties and subdivisions thereof may prescribe different figures from those given in this paragraph with respect to the vehicle characteristics concerned. ARTICLE 14 General requirements establishment manoeuvres 1.Any driver wishing to perform a manoeuvre such as wrench out of or into a line of parked vehicles, moving over to the right or to the left on the carriageway, or bout left or right into another road or into a property bordering on the road, shall first make sure that he can do so without risk of endangering other road-users travelling behind or ahead of him or about to pass him, having regard to their positi on, direction and speed. 2. Any driver wishing to make a U-turn or to reverse shall first make sure that he can do so without endangering or impede other road-users. 3. Before turning or before a manoeuvre which involves moving laterally, the driver shall give clear and sufficient warning of his intention by means of the direction-indicator or direction-indicators on his vehicle, or, failing this, by giving if possible an appropriate signal with his arm. The warning given by the direction-indicator or direction-indicators shall continue to be given throughout the manoeuvre and shall cease as soon as the manoeuvre is completed. ARTICLE 15 particular(a) regulations relating to secureness public- lift service vehicles It is recommended that domestic legislation should provide that in built-up areas, in order to facilitate the movement of regular public-transport service vehicles, the drivers of other vehicles shall, subject to the provisions of Article 17, paragraph 1, of this Conven tion, slow down and if necessary stop in order to allow the public-transport vehicles to perform the manoeuvre required for moving off from stops marked as such. The provisions thus laid down by Contracting Parties or subdivisions thereof shall in no way affect the duty incumbent on drivers of public-transport vehicles to take, after having given warning by means of their direction-indicators of their intention to move off, the precautions necessary to avoid any risk of throw. 16 ARTICLE 16 Change of direction 1. Before turning right or left for the purpose of entering another road or entering a property bordering on the road, a driver shall, without prejudice to the provisions of Article 7, paragraph 1, and of Article 14, of this Convention (a)If he wishes to turn off on the side appropriate to the direction of traffic, keep as close as possible to the edge of the carriageway appropriate to that direction and make as tight a turn as possible (b) If he wishes to turn off on the o ther side, and subject to such other provisions as Contracting Parties or subdivisions thereof may enact for cycles and mopeds, move as close as possible to the centreline of the carriageway if it is a two-way carriageway or to the edge opposite to the side appropriate to the direction of traffic if it is a one-way carriageway and, if he wishes to enter another two-way road, make his turn so as to enter the carriageway of such other road on the side appropriate to the direction of traffic. 2.While changing direction, the driver shall, without prejudice to the provisions of Article 21 of this Convention regarding pedestrians, allow oncoming vehicles on the carriageway he is preparing to leave, and cycles and mopeds moving on cycle tracks crossing the carriageway he is about to enter, to pass. ARTICLE 17 Slowing down 1. No driver of a vehicle shall brake abruptly unless it is necessary to do so for safety reasons. 2. Every driver intending to slow down to an appreciable extent shall, except where his slowness down is in response to an close danger, first make sure that he can do so without danger or undue inconvenience to other drivers.He shall also, unless he has made sure that there is no vehicle following him or that any following vehicle is a long way behind, give clear and timely warning of his intention by making an appropriate signal with his arm. However, this provision shall not apply if warning of decelerate down in given by the vehicles stop lights, referred to in Annex 5, paragraph 31, of this Convention. ARTICLE 18 Intersections and obligation to give way 1. Every driver attack an intersection shall exercise such supernumerary care as may be appropriate to local conditions. Drivers of vehicles shall, in particular, drive at such a speed as to be able to stop to allow vehicles having the right of way to pass. 17 2. Every driver uphill from a path or an earth-track (dirt road) on to a road other than a path or an earth-track shall give way to ve hicles travelling on that road.For the purposes of this Article the terms path and earth-track (dirt road) may be defined in domestic legislation. 3. Every driver emerge on to a road from a property bordering thereon shall give way to vehicles travelling on that road. 4. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 7 of this Article (a) In States where traffic keeps to the right the driver of a vehicle shall give way, at intersections other than those specified in paragraph 2 of this Article and in Article 25, paragraphs 2 and 4 of this Convention, to vehicles draw near from his right (b) Contracting Parties or subdivisions thereof in whose territories traffic keeps to the left shall be free to regulate the right of way at intersections as they see fit. 5.Even if traffic light signals authorize him to do so, a driver shall not enter an intersection if the density of traffic is such that he will probably be obliged to stop on the intersection, thereby obstructing or preventing the passa ge of cross traffic. 6. A driver who has entered an intersection where traffic is set by traffic light signals may clear the intersection without delay for the way to be opened in the direction in which he wishes to proceed, provided that this does not impede the progress of other road-users moving in the open direction. 7. Drivers of vehicles not moving on rails shall give way to rail-borne vehicles. ARTICLE 19 Level-crossings Road-users shall exercise extra care in upriseing and traversing levelcrossings. In particular (a)Every driver of a vehicle shall drive at a agree speed (b) Without prejudice to the obligation to come after an instruction to stop given by a light signal or a sound signal, no road-user shall enter a levelcrossing at which the gates or half-gates are across the road or in process of being placed across the road, or at which the half-gates are in process of being raised (c) If a level-crossing is not equipped with gates, half-gates or light signals, no road -user shall enter it without making sure that no rail-borne vehicle is approaching (d) No driver shall enter a level-crossing without first ascertaining that he may not be obliged to stop on it 18 (e) vehicle is and, if he drivers ofNo road-user shall oscillate while traversing a level crossing if a compelled to stop, its driver shall endeavour to move it off the track, is unable to do so, immediately do everything he can to ensure that the rail-borne vehicles are warned of the danger in time. ARTICLE 20 Rules applicable to pedestrians 1. Contracting Parties or subdivisions thereof shall be free not to enforce the provisions of this Article except in cases where pedestrian traffic o the n carriageway would be dangerous or would obstruct vehicular traffic. 2. If, at the side of the carriageway, there are pavements (sidewalks) or suitable verges for pedestrians, pedestrians shall use them. Nevertheless, if they take the necessary precautions (a)Pedestrians energy or carrying bulky objects may use the carriageway if they would seriously inconvenience other pedestrians by walking on the pavement (sidewalk) or verge (b) Groups of pedestrians led by ascension may walk on the carriageway. a person in charge or forming a 3. If it is not possible to use pavements (sidewalks) or verges, or if none is provided, pedestrians may walk on the carriageway where there is a cycle track and the density of traffic so permits, they may walk on the cycle track, but shall not obstruct cycle and moped traffic in doing so. 4. Pedestrians walking on the carriageway in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article shall keep as close as possible to the edge of the carriageway. 5.It is recommended that domestic legislation should provide as follows pedestrians walking on the carriageway shall keep to the side opposite to that appropriate to the direction of traffic except where to do so places them in danger. However, persons pushing a cycle, a moped or a motor cycle, and group s of pedestrians led by a person in charge or forming a procession shall in all cases keep to the side of the carriageway appropriate to the direction of traffic. Unless they form a procession, pedestrians walking on the carriageway shall, by night or when visibility is ridiculous and, by day, if the density of vehicular traffic so requires, walk in maven file wherever possible. 6. (a) Pedestrians wishing to cross a carriageway shall not step on to it without exercising care they shall use a pedestrian crossing whenever there is one nearby. (b)In order to cross the carriageway at a pedestrian crossing signposted as such or indicated by markings on the carriageway (i) If the crossing is equipped with light signals for pedestrians, the latter shall obey the instructions given by such lights 19 (ii) If the crossing is not equipped with such lights, but vehicular traffic is regulated by traffic light signals or by an authorized official, pedestrians shall not step onto the carriagew ay while the traffic light signal or the signal given by the authorized official indicates that vehicles may proceed along it (iii) At other pedestrian crossings, pedestrians shall not step on to the carriageway without taking the distance and speed of approaching vehicles into account. (c)In order to cross the carriageway elsewhere than at a pedestrian crossing signposted as such or indicated by markings on the carriageway, pedestrians shall not step on to the carriageway without first making sure that they can do so without impeding vehicular traffic. (d) at one time they have started to cross a carriageway, pedestrians shall not take an unnecessarily long route, and shall not linger or stop on the carriageway unnecessarily. 7. However, Contracting Parties or subdivisions thereof may impose stricter requirements on pedestrians crossing the carriageway. ARTICLE 21 Behaviour of drivers towards pedestrians 1. Every driver shall avoid behaviour likely to endanger pedestrians. 2.Witho ut prejudice to the provisions of Article 7, paragraph 1, Article 11, paragraph 9, and Article 13, paragraph 1, of this Convention, where there is on the carriageway a pedestrian crossing signposted as such or indicated by markings on the carriageway (a) If vehicular traffic is regulated at that crossing by traffic light signals or by an authorized official, drivers forbidden to proceed shall stop short of the crossing or the transverse markings preceding it and, when they are permitted to proceed, shall not prevent or obstruct the passage of pedestrians who have stepped on to it drivers turning into another road at the entrance to which there is a pedestrian crossing shall do so slowly and give way, if necessary lemniscus for this purpose, to pedestrians already using, or about to use, the crossing (b)If vehicular traffic is not regulated at that crossing by traffic light signals or by an authorized official, drivers shall approach the crossing only at a speed low enough not to e ndanger pedestrians using, or about to use, it if necessary, they shall stop to allow such pedestrians to cross. 3. No provision of this Article shall be construed as preventing Contracting Parties or subdivisions thereof from 20 Requiring drivers of vehicles to stop in all cases when pedestrians are using, or about to use, a pedestrian crossing signposted as such or indicated by markings on the carriageway in the conditions laid down in Article 20 of this Convention, orProhibiting them from preventing or obstructing the passage of pedestrians who are crossing the carriageway at or very near an intersection even if there is at that point no pedestrian crossing signposted as such or indicated by markings on the carriageway. 4. Drivers intending to overtake, on the side appropriate to the direction of traffic, a public transport vehicle at a stop marked as such shall slow down and if necessary stop to allow passengers to board or alight from that vehicle. ARTICLE 22 Islands on the c arriageway Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 10 of this Convention, a driver may pass to the left or to the right of islands, posts and other devices set up on the carriageway on which he is travelling, except in the following cases (a)Where the side on which the island, post or device shall be passed is indicated by a sign (b) Where the island, post or device is on the centre-line of a two-way carriageway in this case the driver shall keep to the side of the island, post or device corresponding to the direction of traffic. ARTICLE 23 Standing and pose 1. Outside built-up areas, standing or parked vehicles and halted animals shall so far as possible be stationed elsewhere than on the carriageway. In and outdoors built-up areas they shall not be stationed on cycle tracks, on pavements or on verges specially provided for pedestrian traffic, save where applicable domestic legislation so permits. 2. (a)Animals halted and vehicles standing or parked on the carriageway shal l be kept as close as possible to the edge of the carriageway. A driver shall not stand or park his vehicle on a carriageway save on the side appropriate, for him, to the direction of traffic nevertheless, standing or place on the other side shall be permitted where standing or parking on the side appropriate to the direction of traffic is prevented by the presence of rail tracks. Moreover, Contracting Parties or subdivisions thereof may (i) Refrain from prohibiting standing and parking on one side or the other in certain conditions, for display case where standing on the side appropriate to the direction of traffic is prohibited by road signs 21 (ii)On one-way carriageways, authorize standing and parking on the other side as well as or kinda of on the side appropriate to the direction of traffic (iii) bring in standing and parking in the essence of the carriageway at places specially marked (b) hand over where domestic legislation provides otherwise, vehicles other than two -wheeled cycles, two-wheeled mopeds and two-wheeled motor cycles without side-car shall not stand or be parked two abreast on the carriageway. Standing or parked vehicles shall, unless the layout of the area permits otherwise, be placed parallel to the edge of the carriageway. 3. (a) The standing or parking of a vehicle on the carriageway shall be prohibited (i)On pedestrian crossings, on crossings for cyclists, and on level-crossings (ii) On tramway or railway system tracks on a road or so close to such tracks that the movement of trams or trains might be impeded, and also, subject to the possibility for Contracting Parties or subdivisions thereof to provide otherwise, on pavements and cycle tracks (b) The standing or parking of a vehicle at any point where it would constitute a danger shall be prohibited, more particularly (i) (ii) On the carriageway, close to the crests of hills, and on bends where visibility is not sufficient for the vehicle to be overtaken in complete safety, having regard to the speed of ehicles on the section of the road in question (iii) On a carriageway beside a longitudinal road marking, where subparagraph (b) (ii) of this paragraph does not apply but the width of the carriageway between the marking and the vehicle is less than 3 m and the marking is such that vehicles approaching it on the same side are forbidden to cross it (iv) At any place where the vehicle would conceal road signs or traffic light signals from the view of road-users (v) (c) Save in such spaces as may be specially marked, under flyovers and in delves On an additional lane indicated by a sign for slowly moving vehicles The parking of a vehicle on the carriageway shall be prohibited (i)On approaches to level-crossings, to intersections and to bus, trolley-bus or rail-vehicle stops within the distances prescribed by domestic legislation 22 (ii) In front of vehicle entries to properties (iii) At any point where the parked vehicle would prevent access to another v ehicle correctly parked or prevent such other vehicle from moving out (iv) On the central carriageway of three-carriageway roads and, outside built-up areas, on the carriageways of roads marked as priority roads by appropriate signs. 4. A driver shall not leave his vehicle or his animals without having taken all suitable precautions to avoid any accident and, in the case of a motor vehicle, to prevent its unauthorized use. 5.It is recommended that domestic legislation should provide as follows every power-driven vehicle other than a two-wheeled moped or a two-wheeled motor cycle without side-car, and every trailer coupled or uncoupled shall when stationary on the carriageway outside a built-up area be signalled to approaching drivers at a sufficient distance by means of at least one appropriate device placed at the most suitable point to give them adequate advance warning (a) If the vehicle is stationary at night on the carriageway in circumstances such that approaching drivers can not be aware of the obstacle which the vehicle constitutes (b) If the driver, in other cases, has been compelled to halt his vehicle at a place where standing is prohibited. 6. Nothing in this Article shall be construed as preventing Contracting Parties or subdivisions thereof from introducing other prohibitions on parking and standing. ARTICLE 24 Opening of doorsIt shall be prohibited to open the door of a vehicle, to leave it open, or to alight from the vehicle without having made sure that to do so cannot endanger other road-users. ARTICLE 25 Motorways and similar roads 1. On throughways and, if so provided in domestic legislation, on special approach roads to and exit roads from motorways (a) The use of the road shall be prohibited to pedestrians, animals, cycles, mopeds unless they are hardened as motor cycles, and all vehicles other than motor vehicles and their trailers, and to motor vehicles or motor-vehicle trailers which are incapable, by virtue of their design, of attai ning on a flat road a speed specified by domestic legislation 23 (b) Drivers shall be forbidden (i) (ii) 2. it. To have their vehicles standing or parked elsewhere than at arked parking sites if a vehicle is compelled to stop, its driver shall endeavour to move it off the carriageway and also off the flush verge and, if he is unable to do so, immediately signal the presence of the vehicle at a distance so as to warn approaching drivers in time To make U-turns, to travel in reverse, and to drive on to the central dividing strip, including the crossovers linking the two carriageways. Drivers emerging on to a motorway shall give way to vehicles travelling on If there is an acceleration lane, they shall use it. 3. A driver leaving a motorway shall move into the traffic lane appropriate to the motorway exit in good time and enter the deceleration lane, if there is one, as soon as he can. 4.For the purpose of the application of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this Article, other roads reserved for motor vehicle traffic, duly signposted as such and not affording access to or from properties alongside, shall be treated as motorways. ARTICLE 25 bis peculiar(prenominal) regulations for tunnels indicated by special road signs In tunnels indicated by the special road signs, the following rules shall apply 1. All drivers are forbidden (a) to reverse (b) to make a U-turn (c) purpose. to stop or to park a vehicle except at the places indicated for that 2. Even if the tunnel is lit, all drivers must switch on the driving or passing lamps. 3. In case of a lengthy deterrent the driver must switch off the engine. ARTICLE 26Special rules applicable to processions and handicapped persons 1. It shall be prohibited for road-users to cut across mint columns, files of school-children accompanied by a person in charge, and other processions. 24 2. invalid persons travelling in invalid chairs propelled by themselves or moving at a walking pace may use pavements (sidewalks) and suitabl e verges. ARTICLE 27 Special rules applicable to cyclists, moped drivers and motor cyclists 1. til now the provisions of Article 10, paragraph 3, of this Convention, Contracting Parties or subdivisions thereof shall be free not to prohibit cyclists from travelling two or more abreast. 2.It shall be prohibited for cyclists to ride without holding the handlebars with at least one hand, to allow themselves to be towed by another vehicle, or to carry, tow or push objects which hamper their cycling or endanger other roadusers. The same provisions shall apply to moped drivers and motor cyclists in addition, however, moped drivers and motor cyclists shall hold the handlebars with both hands except when signalling the manoeuvre described in Article 14, paragraph 3, of this Convention. 3. It shall be prohibited for cyclists and moped drivers to carry passengers on their vehicle however, Contracting Parties or subdivisions thereof may authorize exceptions to this provision and, in particular , authorize the transport of passengers on such additional saddle or saddles as may be fitted on the vehicle.Motor cyclists shall not be permitted to carry passengers except in the side-car, if there is one, and on the additional saddle (pillion), if any, fitted behind the driver. 4. Where cycle tracks exist, Contracting Parties or subdivisions thereof may forbid cyclists to use the rest of the carriageway. In the same circumstances they may authorize moped drivers to use the cycle track and, if they consider it advisable, prohibit them from using the rest of the carriageway. ARTICLE 28 Audible and luminous warnings 1. Audible warning devices may be used only (a) To give due warning with a view to avoiding an accident (b) Outside built-up areas when it is lovable to warn a driver that he is about to be overtaken. The sounds emitted by hearable warning devices shall not be prolonged more than necessary. 2.Motor-vehicle drivers may give the luminous warnings specified in Article 32, paragraph 3, of this Convention, instead of audible warnings, between crepuscule and dawn. They may also do so in daylight hours for the purpose indicated in paragraph 1(b) of this Article, if to do so is more appropriate in the prevailing circumstances. 25 3. Contracting Parties or subdivisions thereof may authorize the use of luminous warnings in built-up areas also for the purpose referred to in paragraph 1(b) of this Article. ARTICLE 29 Rail-borne vehicles 1. Where a railway uses a carriageway, every road-user shall, on the approach of a tram or other rail-borne vehicle clear the track as soon as possible to allow the rail-borne vehicle to pass. 2.Contracting Parties or subdivisions thereof may adopt special rules, differing from those laid down in this Chapter, for the movement of rail-borne vehicles on the road and for passing or overtaking such vehicles. However, Contracting Parties or subdivisions thereof may not adopt provisions which interlocking with those of Article 18, paragraph 7, of this Convention. ARTICLE 30 Loading of vehicles 1. If a permissible maximum mass is laid down for a vehicle, the laden mass of the vehicle shall never exceed the permissible maximum mass. 2. Every load on a vehicle shall be so arranged and, if necessary, stowed as to prevent it from (a) Endangering persons or causing damage to public or private property, more particularly by trailing on or falling on to the road (b)Obstructing the drivers view or impairing the stability or driving of the vehicle (c) Causing noise, raising dust, or creating any other aversion which can be avoided (d) Masking lights, including stop lights and direction-indicators, reflex reflectors, registration numbers and the distinguishing sign of the State of registration with which, under this Convention or under domestic legislation, the vehicle is required to be equipped, or binding signals given by arm in accordance with Article 14, paragraph 3, or Article 17, paragraph 2, of this Conve ntion. 3. All accessories, such as cables, chains and sheets, used to secure or comfort the load shall be drawn tight around the load and be firmly fastened.All accessories used to protect the load shall satisfy the requirements laid down for the load in paragraph 2 of this Article. 4. hemorrhoid project beyond the front, boot or sides of the vehicle shall be intelligibly marked in all cases where their expulsion might not be notice by the drivers of other vehicles at night, a white light and a white reflecting device shall be used for such marking at the front and a red light and a red reflecting device at the put together. More particularly, on power-driven vehicles 26 (a) Loads communicate more than 1 m beyond the front or rear of the vehicle shall always be marked (b) Loads projecting laterally beyond the outmost edge of the vehicle in such a way that their lateral outer(a) edge is more than 0. 40 m from the outer edge of the ehicles front position (side) light shall b e marked at the front at night, and loads projecting in such a way that their lateral outer edge is more than 0. 40 m from the outer edge of the vehicles red rear position (side) light shall be similarly marked at the rear at night. 5. Nothing in paragraph 4 of this Article shall be construed as preventing Contracting Parties or subdivisions thereof from prohibiting, restricting, or subjecting to special authorization, load projections as referred to in t he same paragraph 4. ARTICLE 30 bis Carriage of passengers Passengers shall not be carried in such numbers or in such a way as to interfere with driving or obstruct the drivers view. ARTICLE 31 Behaviour in case of accident 1.Without prejudice to the provisions of domestic legislation concerning the obligation to assist the wound, every driver or other road-user touch on in a traffic accident shall (a) traffic Stop as soon as he can do so without causing an additional danger to (b) Endeavour to ensure traffic safety at the site of the accident and, if a person has been killed or seriously injured in the accident, to prevent, in so far as such action does not affect traffic safety, any change in conditions at the site, including the disappearance of traces which might be useful for determining responsibilities (c) If so requested by other persons involved in the accident, identify himself to them (d)If a person has been injured or killed in the accident, rede the police and remain on the burst of the accident or return to it and wait there until the arrival of the police, unless he has been authorized by the police to leave or has to assist the injured or to own attention himself. 2. Contracting Parties or subdivisions thereof may, under their domestic legislation, refrain from imposing the provision of paragraph 1 (d) of this Article in cases where no serious deformity has been caused and none of the persons involved requests that the police should be notified. 27 ARTICLE 32 Rules of the use of lamps 1. Between free fall and dawn and in any other circumstances when visibility is inadequate on account, for example, of taint, snowfall or heavy rain, the following lamps shall be lit on a moving vehicle (a)On power-driven vehicles and mopeds the driving lamp(s) or passing lamp(s) and the rear position lamp(s), according to the equipment prescribed by the present Convention for the vehicle of each category (b) On trailers, front position lamps, if such lamps are required according to Annex 5, paragraph 30, of this Convention, and not less than two rear position lamps. 2. Driving lamps shall be switched off and replaced by passing lamps (a) In built-up areas where the road is adequately lighten up and outside built-up areas where the carriageway is continuously lighted and the lighting is sufficient to enable the driver to see clearly for an adequate distance and to enable other road-users to see the vehicle far enough away (b)When a driver is about to pass another vehicle, so as to prevent dazzle far enough away to enable the driver of the other vehicle to proceed easily and without danger (c) In any other circumstances in which it is necessary to avoid dazzling other road-users or the users of a waterway or railway running alongside the road. 3. When, however, a vehicle is following closely behind another vehicle, driving lamps may be used to give a luminous warning as referred to in Article 28, paragraph 2, of the intention to overtake. 4. Fog lamps may be lit only in mystifying fog, falling snow, heavy rain or similar conditions and, as regards front fog maps, as a substitute for passing lamps.Domestic legislation may authorize the synchronal use of front fog lamps and passing lamps and the use of front fog lamps on narrow, winding roads. 5. On vehicles equipped with front position lamps, such lamps shall be used together with the driving lamps, the passing lamps or the front fog lamps. 6. During the day, a motor cycle moving on the road shall display at least one passing lamp to the front and a red lamp to the rear. Domestic legislation may permit the use of daytime running lamps instead of passing lamps. 7. Domestic legislation may make it compulsory for drivers of motor vehicles to use during the day either passing lamps or daytime running lamps. Rear position lamps shall in this case be used together with the front lamps. 28 8.Between nightfall and dawn and in any other circumstances when visibility is inadequate, the presence of power-driven vehicles and their trailers standing or parked on a road shall be indicated by front and rear position lamps. In thick fog, falling snow, heavy rain or similar conditions passing lamps or front fog lamps may be used. Rear fog lamps may in these conditions be used as a supplement to the rear position lamps. 9. up to now the provisions of paragraph 8 of this Article, within a built-up area the front and rear position lamps may be replaced by parking lamps, provided that (a) The vehi